پروژه امار لجستیک با spss

---

شرح پروژه

باسلام در ویس توضیح دادم و براتون ارسال میشه 

توضیحات کامل رو در پیام ارسال میکنم

Chapter Three: 

Methodology

3.1. Research Design

The present study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational design to examine the role of vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) in learners’ outcomes. Specifically, the study investigated how different strategies are used by intermediate and advanced Iranian EFL learners and whether these strategies contribute significantly to their level of proficiency.

The study involved two main stages of analysis:

Chi-square tests to compare the frequency of strategy use between proficiency levels.

Binary logistic regression to determine the predictive power of strategies on learners’ outcomes.

3.2. Participants

A total of 160 Iranian EFL learners participated in this study. Participants were equally divided into two proficiency groups:

Intermediate learners (n = 80)

Advanced learners (n = 80)

They were selected from two well-known private language institutes in District 3 of Karaj, Iran, namely:

Shojaee Language Institute

Simin Language Institute

The participants’ proficiency level (Intermediate vs. Advanced) was determined based on the placement tests and academic criteria of the institutes.

3.3. Instruments

The main research instrument was a standardized and validated Vocabulary Learning Strategies (VLS) questionnaire, consisting of seven subscales:

Dictionary strategies

Note-taking strategies

Memory rehearsal strategies

Memory encoding strategies

Activation strategies

Metacognitive strategies

Guessing strategies

Each subscale consisted of Likert-type items ranging from “Strongly Disagree” to “Strongly Agree.” The instrument had been previously validated in similar EFL contexts, ensuring its reliability for the present research.

3.4. Data Collection Procedure

Data collection was conducted in the following steps:

Administration of the Questionnaire

The questionnaire was distributed among 160 learners from both institutes.

Responses were collected online and in paper format to maximize participation.

Calculation of Frequencies

For each of the seven subscales, the frequencies of responses (e.g., Agree, Somewhat Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Somewhat Disagree) were calculated separately for intermediate and advanced learners.

Comparison of Strategy Use Across Levels

The frequencies of responses in each subscale were compared between intermediate and advanced learners to identify patterns of similarity or difference.

Inferential Analyses

Chi-square tests were conducted to examine whether the observed differences in frequencies were statistically significant.

Binary logistic regression was then performed with learners’ proficiency level (Intermediate = 0, Advanced = 1) as the dependent variable and the seven strategy subscales as predictors.

3.5. Data Analysis

Data analysis was carried out using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The analysis proceeded as follows:

Descriptive Statistics: Frequencies and percentages for all strategy subscales were reported.

Chi-Square Tests of Independence: Used to determine whether the frequency of using a given strategy significantly differed between Intermediate and Advanced learners.

Binary Logistic Regression: Conducted to identify the extent to which the seven strategy categories predicted learners’ outcomes. Regression coefficients (B), standard errors (SE), Wald tests, significance levels (p-values), and odds ratios (Exp(B)) were reported.

This procedure allowed the study to identify not only which strategies were more commonly used at each level, but also which strategies had the strongest predictive effect on learning outcomes (as represented by learners’ proficiency level).

3.6. Ethical Considerations

Ethical principles were strictly followed in the present research. Participation was voluntary, and learners were informed about the purpose of the study prior to completing the questionnaire. Responses were collected anonymously, ensuring that no identifying information was revealed. Participants were free to withdraw at any time.

3.7. Summary

This chapter described the methodology of the study. A total of 160 EFL learners from two private institutes in District 3 of Karaj participated in the study. Data were collected through a validated VLS questionnaire covering seven subscales. After calculating frequencies of responses, chi-square tests were used to compare strategy use across proficiency levels, and binary logistic regression was applied to examine the predictive effect of strategies on learning outcomes.

این پروژه شامل 1 فایل مهم است، لطفا قبل از ارسال پیشنهاد حتما نسبت به بررسی این فایل اقدام فرمایید.

مهارت ها و تخصص های مورد نیاز

---

---